See heven in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 6 7 9 6 6 8 8 8 6 8 6 7 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 7 9 6 6 8 8 8 6 8 6 7 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hevynge"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "heave"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "heive"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "heave"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "haive"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "heif"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "heive"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "heave"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "haive"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "heve"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "heive"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "heave"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "haive"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "heive"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "heve"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "hev"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ang:hebban<id:lift>",
"id": "lift"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"lang_name\" : \"substrate\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang\" : \"qfa-sub\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*kap-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*kapyéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*habjaną\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*habbjan\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"hebban\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"heven\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-id=\"lift\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"heven\" id=\"Middle_English:_lift\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "",
"4": "hef-",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English hef-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "",
"4": "hef-"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English hef-",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*habbjan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *habbjan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*habjaną",
"t": "to lift"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *habjaną (“to lift”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "Development of the conjugation"
},
"expansion": "Development of the conjugation",
"name": "col-top"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang-ang",
"2": "ġefen"
},
"expansion": "Anglian Old English ġefen",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hefde"
},
"expansion": "Old English hefde",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English hef-, inflected stem of hebban (retained dialectally as hebben), from Proto-West Germanic *habbjan, from Proto-Germanic *habjaną (“to lift”).\nDevelopment of the conjugation\nThis verb was originally a class 6 strong verb with an irregular stem hebb-, but in Midland Middle English, the Anglian Old English present stem hef- and the unusual persistence of the umlauted past participle hefen made it seem like a class 5 strong verb (compare e.g. ġefen, past participle of Anglian Old English ġefen), prompting the development of the analogical past singular and plural stems haf- and past plural heve- that converted it into a regular member of class 5 when adopted. Due to the influence of verbs such as kneden which varied between classes 4 and 5, a class 4 past participle (y)hove(n) was also created in both varieties that underwent this analogy (converting the verb to class 4 in that case) and those that did not. Modern nautical hove, hoven represents the generalisation of the past participial vowel as is usual for class 4 verbs in modern English (e.g. speak:spoke:spoken).\nAn alternative means of dealing with the paradigmatic irregularities inherited from Old English was to convert this verb into a weak verb; this treatment already appears in late Old English hefde, hefd and culminates in usual modern heaved (the alternative heft is an Early Modern development; it is presumably on the model of leave:left with support from the noun heft).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "heveth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hevynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "haf",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hoven",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "strong weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "4/5/6 or weak in -ede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "heven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to heven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "heve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "heve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hef",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hof",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "heved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hevede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hevest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "heve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "have",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hevedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "heveth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "haf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hef",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hof",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "heved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hevede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "heve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "heve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "have",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "heved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hevede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "heve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "heven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "heve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "heven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "heve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "haven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "have",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "heveden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "heved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hevede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "heveth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "heve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hevynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hevende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hoven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yhoven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "hove",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yhove",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "heven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yheven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "heve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yheve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "heved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yheved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "heve",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "hevene",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "hebbe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "hebben",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "hefe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "heffe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "hevyn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "heoven",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "hefenn",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Ormulum"
]
},
{
"form": "hewyn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "heven",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "heveth",
"2": "hevynge",
"3": "haf",
"4": "hoven"
},
"expansion": "heven (third-person singular simple present heveth, present participle hevynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative haf, past participle hoven)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hev",
"2": "haf",
"2a": "hef",
"2a2": "hof",
"3": "hev",
"3a": "hav",
"4": "hov",
"4a": "hev",
"c": "4",
"c2": "5",
"c3": "6",
"w": "ede",
"y": "2"
},
"name": "enm-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 10 8 8 9 10 10 8 10 8 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 45 15 1 1 0 1 11 0 8 18 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Eye",
"orig": "enm:Eye",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 70 5 0 8 0 0 5 0 0 10 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Hair",
"orig": "enm:Hair",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 11 8 6 7 8 8 8 6 10 1 7 8",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Talking",
"orig": "enm:Talking",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To raise or lift; to pull upwards.",
"To raise one's eyes or hair."
],
"id": "en-heven-enm-verb-aSb7ROUf",
"links": [
[
"raise",
"raise"
],
[
"lift",
"lift"
],
[
"pull",
"pull"
],
[
"upward",
"upward"
],
[
"raise",
"raise"
],
[
"eye",
"eye"
],
[
"hair",
"hair"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To raise or lift; to pull upwards.",
"To raise one's eyes or hair."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "enhauncen"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 12 9 7 8 12 11 7 12 7 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 7 17 7 5 6 10 9 5 9 3 5 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 10 8 8 9 10 10 8 10 8 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 3 33 0 0 3 7 29 0 4 11 6 4",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Christianity",
"orig": "enm:Christianity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To raise or lift; to pull upwards.",
"To lift from the baptismal font."
],
"id": "en-heven-enm-verb-lrpsXKvf",
"links": [
[
"raise",
"raise"
],
[
"lift",
"lift"
],
[
"pull",
"pull"
],
[
"upward",
"upward"
],
[
"lift",
"lift"
],
[
"baptismal",
"baptismal"
],
[
"font",
"font"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To raise or lift; to pull upwards.",
"To lift from the baptismal font."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "enhauncen"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To raise or lift; to pull upwards.",
"To mount or ride (an animal)"
],
"id": "en-heven-enm-verb-plS~aPkf",
"links": [
[
"raise",
"raise"
],
[
"lift",
"lift"
],
[
"pull",
"pull"
],
[
"upward",
"upward"
],
[
"mount",
"mount"
],
[
"ride",
"ride"
],
[
"animal",
"animal#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To raise or lift; to pull upwards.",
"To mount or ride (an animal)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "enhauncen"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 4 7 1 47 4 6 7 0 6 5 8 5",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "enm:Emotions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To elevate or exalt:",
"To direct or rouse emotionally (especially with herte)"
],
"id": "en-heven-enm-verb-j4fIAITi",
"links": [
[
"elevate",
"elevate"
],
[
"exalt",
"exalt"
],
[
"direct",
"direct"
],
[
"rouse",
"rouse"
],
[
"emotionally",
"emotionally"
],
[
"herte",
"herte#Middle_English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually transitive) To elevate or exalt:",
"To direct or rouse emotionally (especially with herte)"
],
"tags": [
"transitive",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 10 8 8 9 10 10 8 10 8 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To elevate or exalt:",
"To give a high office or dignity."
],
"id": "en-heven-enm-verb-K6Vppp5j",
"links": [
[
"elevate",
"elevate"
],
[
"exalt",
"exalt"
],
[
"give",
"give"
],
[
"high",
"high"
],
[
"office",
"office"
],
[
"dignity",
"dignity"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually transitive) To elevate or exalt:",
"To give a high office or dignity."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "enhauncen"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 12 9 7 8 12 11 7 12 7 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 10 8 8 9 10 10 8 10 8 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To elevate or exalt:",
"To promote, prepare, or institute."
],
"id": "en-heven-enm-verb-pDExeEwk",
"links": [
[
"elevate",
"elevate"
],
[
"exalt",
"exalt"
],
[
"promote",
"promote"
],
[
"prepare",
"prepare"
],
[
"institute",
"institute"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually transitive) To elevate or exalt:",
"(rare) To promote, prepare, or institute."
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"transitive",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 12 9 7 8 12 11 7 12 7 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 10 8 8 9 10 10 8 10 8 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 3 33 0 0 3 7 29 0 4 11 6 4",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Christianity",
"orig": "enm:Christianity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To baptize or present for confirmation."
],
"id": "en-heven-enm-verb-urbVY3MU",
"links": [
[
"baptize",
"baptize"
],
[
"present",
"present"
],
[
"confirmation",
"confirmation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To baptize or present for confirmation."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To convey, move, or transfer."
],
"id": "en-heven-enm-verb-JyUuWfJ-",
"links": [
[
"convey",
"convey"
],
[
"move",
"move"
],
[
"transfer",
"transfer"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually transitive) To convey, move, or transfer."
],
"tags": [
"transitive",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 12 9 7 8 12 11 7 12 7 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 10 8 8 9 10 10 8 10 8 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 11 8 6 7 8 8 8 6 10 1 7 8",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Talking",
"orig": "enm:Talking",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To raise the voice; to shout."
],
"id": "en-heven-enm-verb-4vVNmRIm",
"links": [
[
"raise",
"raise"
],
[
"voice",
"voice"
],
[
"shout",
"shout"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ambitransitive) To raise the voice; to shout."
],
"tags": [
"ambitransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 3 33 0 0 3 7 29 0 4 11 6 4",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Christianity",
"orig": "enm:Christianity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To rise or grow."
],
"id": "en-heven-enm-verb-QbZiAadZ",
"links": [
[
"rise",
"rise"
],
[
"grow",
"grow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, rare) To rise or grow."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 10 8 8 9 10 10 8 10 8 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To exert or strive."
],
"id": "en-heven-enm-verb-H2MinAsu",
"links": [
[
"exert",
"exert"
],
[
"strive",
"strive"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, rare) To exert or strive."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɛ̞ːvən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɛbən/",
"note": "East Saxon, Southern, Southwest Midland"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Anglian Old English",
"Germanic umlaut"
],
"word": "heven"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 6 7 9 6 6 8 8 8 6 8 6 7 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 7 9 6 6 8 8 8 6 8 6 7 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "proper noun",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "heven",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "hevene"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of hevene"
],
"id": "en-heven-enm-name-7DnQVY3h",
"links": [
[
"hevene",
"hevene#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "heven"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 6 7 9 6 6 8 8 8 6 8 6 7 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 7 9 6 6 8 8 8 6 8 6 7 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "heven",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "hevene"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of hevene"
],
"id": "en-heven-enm-noun-7DnQVY3h",
"links": [
[
"hevene",
"hevene#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "heven"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 6 7 9 6 6 8 8 8 6 8 6 7 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 7 9 6 6 8 8 8 6 8 6 7 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"etymology_number": "3",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "heven",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "to have",
"word": "haven"
}
],
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of haven (“to have”)"
],
"id": "en-heven-enm-verb-D7jlN6zm",
"links": [
[
"haven",
"haven#Middle_English:_to_have"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) alternative form of haven (“to have”)"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"rare"
]
}
],
"word": "heven"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English class 4 strong verbs",
"Middle English class 5 strong verbs",
"Middle English class 6 strong verbs",
"Middle English entries with etymon",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from substrate languages",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kap- (seize)",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"enm:Christianity",
"enm:Emotions",
"enm:Eye",
"enm:Hair",
"enm:Talking"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "hevynge"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "heave"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "heive"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "heave"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "haive"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "heif"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "heive"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "heave"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "haive"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "heve"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "heive"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "heave"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "haive"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "heive"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "heve"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "hev"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ang:hebban<id:lift>",
"id": "lift"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"lang_name\" : \"substrate\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang\" : \"qfa-sub\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*kap-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*kapyéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*habjaną\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*habbjan\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"hebban\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"heven\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-id=\"lift\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"heven\" id=\"Middle_English:_lift\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "",
"4": "hef-",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English hef-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "",
"4": "hef-"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English hef-",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*habbjan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *habbjan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*habjaną",
"t": "to lift"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *habjaną (“to lift”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "Development of the conjugation"
},
"expansion": "Development of the conjugation",
"name": "col-top"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang-ang",
"2": "ġefen"
},
"expansion": "Anglian Old English ġefen",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hefde"
},
"expansion": "Old English hefde",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English hef-, inflected stem of hebban (retained dialectally as hebben), from Proto-West Germanic *habbjan, from Proto-Germanic *habjaną (“to lift”).\nDevelopment of the conjugation\nThis verb was originally a class 6 strong verb with an irregular stem hebb-, but in Midland Middle English, the Anglian Old English present stem hef- and the unusual persistence of the umlauted past participle hefen made it seem like a class 5 strong verb (compare e.g. ġefen, past participle of Anglian Old English ġefen), prompting the development of the analogical past singular and plural stems haf- and past plural heve- that converted it into a regular member of class 5 when adopted. Due to the influence of verbs such as kneden which varied between classes 4 and 5, a class 4 past participle (y)hove(n) was also created in both varieties that underwent this analogy (converting the verb to class 4 in that case) and those that did not. Modern nautical hove, hoven represents the generalisation of the past participial vowel as is usual for class 4 verbs in modern English (e.g. speak:spoke:spoken).\nAn alternative means of dealing with the paradigmatic irregularities inherited from Old English was to convert this verb into a weak verb; this treatment already appears in late Old English hefde, hefd and culminates in usual modern heaved (the alternative heft is an Early Modern development; it is presumably on the model of leave:left with support from the noun heft).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "heveth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hevynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "haf",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hoven",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "strong weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "4/5/6 or weak in -ede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "heven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to heven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "heve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "heve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hef",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hof",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "heved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hevede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hevest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "heve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "have",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hevedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "heveth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "haf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hef",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hof",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "heved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hevede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "heve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "heve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "have",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "heved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hevede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "heve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "heven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "heve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "heven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "heve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "haven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "have",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "heveden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "heved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hevede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "heveth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "heve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hevynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hevende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hoven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yhoven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "hove",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yhove",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "heven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yheven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "heve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yheve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "heved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yheved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "heve",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "hevene",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "hebbe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "hebben",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "hefe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "heffe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "hevyn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "heoven",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "hefenn",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Ormulum"
]
},
{
"form": "hewyn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "heven",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "heveth",
"2": "hevynge",
"3": "haf",
"4": "hoven"
},
"expansion": "heven (third-person singular simple present heveth, present participle hevynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative haf, past participle hoven)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hev",
"2": "haf",
"2a": "hef",
"2a2": "hof",
"3": "hev",
"3a": "hav",
"4": "hov",
"4a": "hev",
"c": "4",
"c2": "5",
"c3": "6",
"w": "ede",
"y": "2"
},
"name": "enm-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To raise or lift; to pull upwards.",
"To raise one's eyes or hair."
],
"links": [
[
"raise",
"raise"
],
[
"lift",
"lift"
],
[
"pull",
"pull"
],
[
"upward",
"upward"
],
[
"raise",
"raise"
],
[
"eye",
"eye"
],
[
"hair",
"hair"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To raise or lift; to pull upwards.",
"To raise one's eyes or hair."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "enhauncen"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To raise or lift; to pull upwards.",
"To lift from the baptismal font."
],
"links": [
[
"raise",
"raise"
],
[
"lift",
"lift"
],
[
"pull",
"pull"
],
[
"upward",
"upward"
],
[
"lift",
"lift"
],
[
"baptismal",
"baptismal"
],
[
"font",
"font"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To raise or lift; to pull upwards.",
"To lift from the baptismal font."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "enhauncen"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To raise or lift; to pull upwards.",
"To mount or ride (an animal)"
],
"links": [
[
"raise",
"raise"
],
[
"lift",
"lift"
],
[
"pull",
"pull"
],
[
"upward",
"upward"
],
[
"mount",
"mount"
],
[
"ride",
"ride"
],
[
"animal",
"animal#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To raise or lift; to pull upwards.",
"To mount or ride (an animal)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "enhauncen"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To elevate or exalt:",
"To direct or rouse emotionally (especially with herte)"
],
"links": [
[
"elevate",
"elevate"
],
[
"exalt",
"exalt"
],
[
"direct",
"direct"
],
[
"rouse",
"rouse"
],
[
"emotionally",
"emotionally"
],
[
"herte",
"herte#Middle_English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually transitive) To elevate or exalt:",
"To direct or rouse emotionally (especially with herte)"
],
"tags": [
"transitive",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To elevate or exalt:",
"To give a high office or dignity."
],
"links": [
[
"elevate",
"elevate"
],
[
"exalt",
"exalt"
],
[
"give",
"give"
],
[
"high",
"high"
],
[
"office",
"office"
],
[
"dignity",
"dignity"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually transitive) To elevate or exalt:",
"To give a high office or dignity."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "enhauncen"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses",
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To elevate or exalt:",
"To promote, prepare, or institute."
],
"links": [
[
"elevate",
"elevate"
],
[
"exalt",
"exalt"
],
[
"promote",
"promote"
],
[
"prepare",
"prepare"
],
[
"institute",
"institute"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually transitive) To elevate or exalt:",
"(rare) To promote, prepare, or institute."
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"transitive",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To baptize or present for confirmation."
],
"links": [
[
"baptize",
"baptize"
],
[
"present",
"present"
],
[
"confirmation",
"confirmation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To baptize or present for confirmation."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To convey, move, or transfer."
],
"links": [
[
"convey",
"convey"
],
[
"move",
"move"
],
[
"transfer",
"transfer"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually transitive) To convey, move, or transfer."
],
"tags": [
"transitive",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English intransitive verbs",
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To raise the voice; to shout."
],
"links": [
[
"raise",
"raise"
],
[
"voice",
"voice"
],
[
"shout",
"shout"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ambitransitive) To raise the voice; to shout."
],
"tags": [
"ambitransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English intransitive verbs",
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To rise or grow."
],
"links": [
[
"rise",
"rise"
],
[
"grow",
"grow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, rare) To rise or grow."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English intransitive verbs",
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To exert or strive."
],
"links": [
[
"exert",
"exert"
],
[
"strive",
"strive"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, rare) To exert or strive."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɛ̞ːvən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɛbən/",
"note": "East Saxon, Southern, Southwest Midland"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Anglian Old English",
"Germanic umlaut"
],
"word": "heven"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Christianity",
"enm:Emotions",
"enm:Eye",
"enm:Hair",
"enm:Talking"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "proper noun",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "heven",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "hevene"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of hevene"
],
"links": [
[
"hevene",
"hevene#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "heven"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Christianity",
"enm:Emotions",
"enm:Eye",
"enm:Hair",
"enm:Talking"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "heven",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "hevene"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of hevene"
],
"links": [
[
"hevene",
"hevene#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "heven"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Christianity",
"enm:Emotions",
"enm:Eye",
"enm:Hair",
"enm:Talking"
],
"etymology_number": "3",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "heven",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "to have",
"word": "haven"
}
],
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of haven (“to have”)"
],
"links": [
[
"haven",
"haven#Middle_English:_to_have"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) alternative form of haven (“to have”)"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"rare"
]
}
],
"word": "heven"
}
Download raw JSONL data for heven meaning in Middle English (17.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.